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How to run sudo command without a password on a Linux or Unix
To run the sudo command without a password on a Linux or Unix system, you need to edit the /etc/sudoers file. The sudoers file is used to control the authorization and access of users to run sudo . Here's the basic process to run the sudo command without a password:rn rn Open a terminal window. r
Linux exit from lxc-console keyboard shortcut
n The keyboard shortcut to exit lxc-console on a Linux system depends on the terminal emulator that you are using. Here are a few common shortcuts: n n n n n n n If you’re using a terminal emulator that supports the screen program, you can use Ctrl-a followed by Ctrl-q to exit lxc-console . n
SSH ProxyCommand example: Going through one host to reach another server
The ProxyCommand option in the ssh_config file allows you to specify a command that is used to connect to the target server. This can be useful when you need to reach a server that is not directly accessible and must go through an intermediate host. n Here’s an example of how to use ProxyComma
Debian/Ubuntu Linux: Restrict an SSH user session to a specific directory by setting chrooted jail
To restrict an SSH user session to a specific directory on a Debian or Ubuntu Linux system, you can set up a chrooted jail. A chrooted jail is a way to limit the file system access of an SSH user to a specific directory. Here's how to set up a chrooted jail for an SSH user:rn rn Create a new dire
How do I delete a directory in Linux terminal?
You can delete a directory in Linux terminal using the rmdir or rm command. To delete an empty directory, you can use the rmdir command followed by the name of the directory you want to delete:rn rn rn rmdir directory_namern rn rnIf the directory is not empty, you can use the rm command with the
Linux/Unix: How To Extract and Decompress a .bz2/.tbz2 File
To extract and decompress a .bz2 or .tbz2 file in Linux or Unix, you can use the tar command with the j option to handle bzip2 compression: n n n tar xvjf file.tbz2 n n n or n n n tar xvjf file.bz2 n n n Here, x option is used to extract the contents of the archive, v option is used to display verbo
How To Setup a LAMP Server on Debian Linux 8 (Jessie)
A LAMP server is a web server that uses the Linux operating system, Apache web server software, MySQL database management system, and PHP scripting language. To set up a LAMP server on Debian Linux 8 (Jessie), follow these steps:rn rn Install Apache web server: rn rn rn rn sudo apt- get install a
How To Find Out FreeBSD Version and Patch Level Number
To find the version and patch level number of a FreeBSD system, you can use the following command:rn rn rn freebsd-version -kurn rn rnThis will print the version and patch level of the FreeBSD operating system. For example, if your system is running FreeBSD 12.2, the output will be:rn rn 12.2 - R
Bash Find out the exit codes of all piped commands
In Bash, you can find out the exit code of each piped command by checking the exit code of the last command in the pipe. To do this, you can use the special shell variable $? which contains the exit code of the last executed command. For example, consider the following command:rn rn rn command
How to update Debian or Ubuntu Linux containers (lxc) VM
To update a Debian or Ubuntu Linux container (LXC) virtual machine, you can use the following steps:rn rn Log in to the container: rn rn rn rn lxc exec container-name bashrn rn rn rn Update the package list: rn rn rn rn sudo apt - get update rn rn rn rn Upgrade all installed packages: rn rn rn rn su
How To Find the WiFi Password on Mac OS X
To find the WiFi password on Mac OS X, follow these steps:rn rn Open the Keychain Access application, which can be found in the Applications > Utilities folder. rn Search for the network name in the search bar and select the network from the list. rn Right-click (or Control-click) on the network
Debian 8 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Install Suhosin PHP Extension To Protect Your Server
To install the Suhosin PHP extension on Debian 8 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, you need to perform the following steps:rn rn Add the PPA repository for Suhosin: rn rn rn rn sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/phprn rn rn rn Update the package list: rn rn rn rn sudo apt - get update rn rn rn rn Install the Su
How To: Temporarily Clear Bash Environment Variables on a Linux and Unix-like System
You can temporarily clear environment variables in the Bash shell on a Linux or Unix-like system by using the following command: n n n env - i bash --norc --noprofile n n n This will start a new instance of the Bash shell with a clean environment, without any environment variables set. The -i option
How To Run Cronjob Script On The Last Day Of a Month
In Linux and Unix-like operating systems, you can run a cron job on the last day of the month by using the following syntax in your crontab file:rn rn rn 59 23 28 - 31 * * && /path/ to/scriptrn rn rnThis cron job will run on the 28th, 29th, 30th, and 31st of the month at 11:59 PM. The part o
FreeBSD Add a User To Wheel Group Command
In FreeBSD, you can add a user to the "wheel" group using the pw command. The "wheel" group is a special group in FreeBSD that has the ability to run the su command to switch to the root user. Here's how:rn rn Add the user to the "wheel" group:rn rn rn sudo pw groupmod wheel -m usernamern rn rnRepla
How To Ubuntu Linux Firewall Open Port Command
In Ubuntu, you can use the ufw (Uncomplicated Firewall) tool to open a specific port. Here's how:rn rn Install ufw if it's not already installed:rn rn sudo apt - get update rnsudo apt - get install ufwrn rn rn Enable the firewall:rn rn rn sudo ufw enable rn rn rn Allow incoming traffic on the desire
How to make a folder in Linux or Unix
To make a folder (also known as a directory) in Linux or Unix, use the mkdir command. For example: n n n mkdir folder_name n n n This will create a new folder named folder_name in the current working directory. n You can also specify the path where you want to create the folder. For example: n n n m
Linux and Unix Test Disk I/O Performance With dd Command
The dd command can be used to test disk I/O performance on Linux and Unix systems. Here's an example of how to use it:rn rn Create a test file with a specified size and block size:rn rn rn dd if = /dev/ zero of =testfile bs=1M count= 1024 rn rn rnThis creates a file named "testfile" of 1 GB (1024 MB
How To Find My Public IP Address From Linux CLI
Here are a few ways to find your public IP address from the Linux command line interface (CLI): n n Use curl:n n n curl ifconfig.co n n n n Use dig:n n n dig + short myip.opendns.com @resolver1 .opendns.com n n n n Use wget:n n n wget -qO- http : //ipecho.net/plain n n n n Use ip command:n n ip addr
How To Join Several Partition Together To Form a Single Larger One On a Linux Using mhddfs
Here are the steps to join several partitions together to form a single larger one on a Linux using mhddfs: n n Install mhddfs:n n n sudo apt- get install mhddfs n n n n Create a directory to mount the combined partitions:n n n sudo mkdir /mnt/combined n n n n Mount the partitions using mhddfs:n n n
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