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How website valuation actually works, what traffic estimates can and cannot tell you, and which once-standard metrics have quietly stopped existing.
Solaris / OpenSolaris Add Swap File
To add a swap file in Solaris or OpenSolaris, follow these steps:rn rn Determine the size of the swap file that you want to create. The size of the swap file should be at least as large as the amount of RAM installed on the system. For example, if you have 1GB of RAM, you may want to create a 1GB sw
FreeBSD: pkg_version: corrupted record (pkgdep line without argument), ignoring
The error message "pkg_version: corrupted record (pkgdep line without argument), ignoring" indicates that the pkg_version utility is encountering a package database issue on your FreeBSD system. This error is typically caused by a corrupted or incomplete package database, and can occur when you inst
FreeBSD Prevent Users From Seeing Information About Processes Owned by Other Users
By default, on FreeBSD, users can see information about processes owned by other users by running the ps command. However, you can prevent users from seeing this information by enabling the security.bsd.see_other_uids sysctl option. Here are the steps to prevent users from seeing information abou
How to Restart Network Interface in Linux
To restart a network interface in Linux, you can use the ifdown and ifup commands, which are used to bring network interfaces down and up, respectively. Here are the steps to restart a network interface in Linux:rn rn Open a terminal or command prompt on your Linux system. rn Type the following c
Slackware Linux Restart / Start / Stop Networking Service Command
Slackware Linux uses the rc.inet1 script to manage the network configuration and services. To start, stop, or restart the networking service, you can use the rc.inet1 script with the appropriate options. n Here are the commands to start, stop, or restart the networking service on Slackware Linux: n
HowTo: Get Current Time In Shell Script
To get the current time in a shell script, you can use the date command, which is a command-line utility that is used to display or manipulate the date and time. n Here are the steps to get the current time in a shell script: n n Open a text editor and create a new shell script. n Add the following
Ubuntu Linux: Clean aptitude Cache Command
To clean the aptitude cache on Ubuntu Linux, you can use the apt-get command, which is a command-line tool for managing packages. Here are the steps to clean the aptitude cache:rn rn Open a terminal or command prompt on your Ubuntu system. rn Type the following command to update the package lists
HowTo: Execute A Script On Remote UNIX / Linux Server
To execute a script on a remote UNIX or Linux server, you can use the ssh command, which allows you to log in to the remote system and run commands. Here are the steps to execute a script on a remote server using ssh :rn rn Open a terminal or command prompt on your local system. rn Type the follo
Linux / UNIX: Generate SSH Keys
To generate SSH keys on a Linux or UNIX system, you can use the ssh-keygen command, which is included with most distributions. n Here are the steps to generate SSH keys: n n Open a terminal or command prompt on your Linux or UNIX system. n Type the following command to generate an SSH key pair: n n
OpenBSD Restart / Reload OpenSSH Without Rebooting
To restart or reload OpenSSH on OpenBSD without rebooting, you can use the rcctl command, which is the OpenBSD system’s service management utility. n Here are the steps to restart or reload OpenSSH using rcctl : n n Open a terminal or command prompt on your OpenBSD system. n To restart the Ope
Linux Generate RSA SSH Keys
To generate an RSA SSH key pair on a Linux system, you can use the ssh-keygen command, which is included with most Linux distributions. Here are the steps to generate an RSA SSH key pair:rn rn Open a terminal or command prompt on your Linux system. rn Type the following command to generate an RSA
Linux / UNIX Generate Passwords using /dev/urandom
To generate strong passwords in Linux or UNIX systems using the /dev/urandom device, you can use the tr command to translate random bytes into printable characters. Here's an example command that generates a random 12-character password using /dev/urandom :rn rn rn tr -dc A-Za-z0-9 < /dev/uran
ERROR 1018 (HY000): Can’t read dir of ‘./dbname/’ (errno: 13)
The error message "ERROR 1018 (HY000): Can’t read dir of ‘./dbname/’ (errno: 13)" indicates that the MySQL server is unable to read the directory where the database files are stored, due to a file permissions issue. Here are some steps to resolve the issue:rn rn Check the permissions of the direc
FreeBSD Change User Password Shell Script
To change the password of a user in FreeBSD using a shell script, you can use the passwd command. Here's an example shell script that prompts for a username and new password:rn rn rn #!/bin/sh # Prompt for the username rn echo "Enter the username: " rn read username # Prompt for the new pas
Postfix Hide Client (MUA) System IP Address / Hostname
Postfix is a popular mail transfer agent (MTA) used for routing and delivering email messages between mail servers. By default, Postfix logs the client IP address and hostname in its mail logs, which can be useful for troubleshooting and analysis. n However, if you want to hide the client IP address
Postfix Forward Email To Another Email Account
To forward emails received by a Postfix mail server to another email account, follow these steps: n n Edit the Postfix configuration file /etc/postfix/main.cf :n n n # vi /etc/postfix/main.cf n n n n Add the following line to the end of the file to specify the email address to which emails should be
FreeBSD Install OpenNTPD NTP Server / Client To Synchronize The Local Clock
OpenNTPD is a free and easy-to-use implementation of the Network Time Protocol (NTP) that provides accurate time synchronization between servers and clients on a network. Here are the steps to install OpenNTPD on FreeBSD:rn rn Update the package repository:rn rn rn # pkg update rn rn rn Install Open
keychain: Set Up Secure Passwordless SSH Access For Backup Scripts on Linux
Keychain is a utility that manages SSH keys in a convenient and secure way. It can be used to set up secure passwordless SSH access for backup scripts on Linux. Here are the steps to use keychain to achieve this:rn rn Install keychain on your Linux system. On Debian/Ubuntu, you can use the following
FreeBSD Disable Bell / Beep ( Hardware beep )
In FreeBSD, you can disable the hardware bell, also known as the system beep, by setting the hw.syscons.bell parameter to 0 . This parameter can be set in the /boot/loader.conf file, which is read during the boot process. Here are the steps to disable the hardware beep in FreeBSD:rn rn Open a ter
Explain: Linux and UNIX TCP Wrappers – Find Out If a Program Is Compiled With TCP Wrappers
TCP Wrappers is a security feature in Unix-based systems that provides access control and authentication for network services. TCP Wrappers allow you to specify which hosts or networks are allowed to connect to your services, and which services they are allowed to use. You can find out if a progr
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