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Linux Determine which Services are Enabled at Boot
To determine which services are enabled at boot on a Linux system, you can use the systemctl command. Follow these steps:rn rn Open a terminal or command prompt on your Linux system. rn Type the following command and press Enter:rn rn rn systemctl list -unit-files -- type =servicern rn rnThis will d
How To Run / Execute Command Using SSH
To run a command using SSH on a remote server, follow these steps: n n Open a terminal or command prompt on your local machine. n Type the following command:n n n ssh username @remote_host command n n n Replace username with your username on the remote server, remote_host with the hostname or IP add
UNIX Samba: Make A Share Writable
To make a Samba share writable on a UNIX system, follow these steps:rn rn Open the Samba configuration file for editing. The location of this file may vary depending on your system, but it is usually located at /etc/samba/smb.conf . rn Locate the section of the file that defines the share you want t
UNIX Create User Account
To create a new user account on a UNIX system, follow these steps:rn rn Log in to the system with administrative privileges. rn Open a terminal or command prompt. rn Type the following command and press Enter:rn rn rn sudo adduser usernamern rn rnReplace username with the desired username for the ne
Linux /bin/false VS /sbin/nologin: Politely Refuse a Login
On Linux systems, you can use either /bin/false or /sbin/nologin to deny users from logging into the system. Both of these shells simply print an error message and immediately return control to the calling process, preventing the user from logging in. However, there are some differences between the
Linux: Iptables Forward Multiple Ports
To forward multiple ports using iptables in Linux, you can use the multiport module to specify a range of ports or a comma-separated list of ports. Here’s an example of how to forward multiple ports: n n Open the iptables configuration file for editing:n n n sudo nano /etc/sysconfig/iptables n
HowTo: Linux Serial Port Sniffer
A serial port sniffer is a tool that allows you to monitor and log the traffic between two serial devices. In Linux, you can use the socat utility as a serial port sniffer. Here are the steps to use socat as a serial port sniffer:rn rn Install socat if it's not already installed:rn rn rn sudo apt- g
MySQL: Log Files in Linux / UNIX / BSD
In MySQL, log files are used to record various events that occur within the server. These logs can be useful for troubleshooting issues or auditing activity. Here are the log files in Linux/UNIX/BSD systems where MySQL logs are typically stored:rn rn Error Log: The error log records any errors that
MySQL: Set Cache Size
In MySQL, you can set the cache size for different types of caches to improve performance. Here are the steps to set the cache size:rn rn Open the MySQL configuration file my.cnf in a text editor.rn rn rn sudo nano /etc/my.cnfrn rn rn Find the section for the cache you want to set the size for. For
UNIX: Zip Example
The zip command is a commonly used utility for compressing files and directories on Unix-like systems. Here are some examples of how to use the zip command:rn rn Compress a file:rn rn rn zip archive. zip file.txtrn rn rn Compress multiple files:rn rn rn zip archive. zip file1.txt file2.txtrn rn rn C
RedHat / CentOS Install and Configure Cacti Network Graphing Tool
Cacti is a popular network graphing tool that allows you to monitor and graph various metrics about your network devices. Here's how to install and configure Cacti on RedHat and CentOS:rn rn Install the necessary packages using the yum package manager:rn rn rn sudo yum install cacti cacti-spine http
Samba Restrict IPC$ ( list of shared resources )
Samba is a popular open-source software suite that provides file and print services to Windows clients. The IPC$ share is a special share that provides a list of shared resources on a Samba server. By default, anyone can connect to the IPC$ share and see the list of shared resources. However, you ca
Squid Listen on Other Port ( Squid Configure Port Listing with SELinux)
By default, Squid listens on port 3128. However, you can configure Squid to listen on other ports as well. Here’s how to do it: n n Edit the Squid configuration file. On most Linux distributions, the file is located at /etc/squid/squid.conf .n n n sudo vi /etc/squid/squid.conf n n n n Look for
Bourne Shell Exit Status Examples For Linux and Unix
The Bourne shell is the default shell for many Linux and Unix systems, and it provides a way to check the exit status of a command or a script. The exit status is a numerical value that represents the success or failure of the command or script. A value of 0 represents success, while any other value
Red Hat / CentOS Install nginx PHP5 FastCGI Webserver
To install and configure the nginx web server with PHP5 and FastCGI on Red Hat or CentOS, you can follow these steps:rn rn Install the EPEL repository: nginx and PHP5 are not included in the default repositories for Red Hat or CentOS, so you will need to install the EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterpri
FreeBSD Jail Add Multiple IPv4 / IPv6 Address
In FreeBSD, you can add multiple IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to a jail by configuring the jail's network interface. Here are the steps to add multiple IP addresses to a FreeBSD jail:rn rn Identify the network interface of the jail: To add IP addresses to a jail, you need to first identify the network in
How To: Upgrading to Ubuntu 9.04 From 8.10
Upgrading from Ubuntu 8.10 to 9.04 involves several steps, and it's important to make sure you have a backup of your data before proceeding with the upgrade. Here are the general steps you can follow to upgrade your Ubuntu installation:rn rn Update the package repository: Before starting the upgrade
Network Upgrade for Ubuntu Server From 8.10 to 9.04
Upgrading an Ubuntu Server from 8.10 to 9.04 involves a series of steps, and it is recommended to take a backup of your data before proceeding with the upgrade. Here are the steps to upgrade your Ubuntu Server from 8.10 to 9.04:rn rn Update the package repository: Run the following command to update
Ubuntu: Find CPU Information / Speed
In Ubuntu, you can find CPU information and speed using the command line interface. Here are the steps:rn rn Open a terminal: Press Ctrl + Alt + T to open a terminal. rn Run the command: Type the following command in the terminal and press enter: rn rn rn rn lscpurn rn rnThis command will display de
Postfix Backup MX eMail Server Anti-Spam Configuration
Configuring a postfix backup MX email server with anti-spam measures is an essential step to ensure smooth email communication and protect your email server from spam attacks. Here are some steps you can take:rn rn Set up postfix as a backup MX server: In the postfix configuration file (usually loca
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