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Fedora 11 Upgrade Tutorial
Fedora 11 is a very old version of Fedora and is no longer supported. Upgrading from Fedora 11 to a newer version is not recommended, as it is likely to result in compatibility issues and other problems. If you are currently running Fedora 11 and want to upgrade to a newer version, the recommende
Identify A Remote Host Apps and OS Using UNIX / Linux Command Line
There are several command line tools you can use to identify the operating system and applications running on a remote host. Here are a few options:rn rn nmap: nmap is a powerful network exploration tool that can be used to identify the operating system and applications running on a remote host. To
UNIX / Linux Dump Command Exclude Directories / Files
The dump command in Unix/Linux is used to backup and restore file systems. You can exclude certain directories or files from a dump using the exclude option. Here's how to do it:rn rn rn dump -0u -f /path/to/backup-file /filesystem/to/backup -X /path/to/exclude-filern rn rnHere, the -X option is use
How To Setup FreeBSD Jails With ezjail
FreeBSD jails are a lightweight virtualization technology that allow you to create multiple isolated environments on a single host. Ezjail is a popular utility that makes it easier to create and manage jails on FreeBSD. Here's how you can set up FreeBSD jails with ezjail:rn rn Install ezjail: rn
Linux / BSD Shell Doesn’t Recognize Newly Installed Binaries
If you have installed a new binary on your Linux or BSD system and the shell doesn't recognize it, it's likely because the binary is not in your system's PATH . Here's how you can add the directory containing the binary to the PATH :rn rn Determine the directory that contains the binary. For example
FreeBSD Squid Proxy Caching Server Increase File Descriptors Limits
By default, FreeBSD limits the number of file descriptors that a process can open. Squid proxy caching server needs to open many files simultaneously, so you may need to increase the file descriptor limit for Squid. ( https://lakeforestgc.com/ ) Here’s how to do it: n n Log in to your FreeBSD
Ubuntu Linux Add Static IPv6 Address Network Configuration
To add a static IPv6 address to your Ubuntu Linux system, you need to modify the network configuration file. Here are the steps to add a static IPv6 address:rn rn Open the /etc/network/interfaces file using a text editor. For example:rn rn rn sudo nano /etc/network/interfacesrn rn rn Locate the netw
Uninstall / Remove Webmin Software
Webmin is a web-based system administration tool that allows you to configure various system settings and services on your Linux system. If you wish to uninstall or remove Webmin from your system, you can follow the steps below:rn rn Log in to your Linux system as a user with sudo privileges. rn Sto
FreeBSD Set Network Polling To Boost Performance
In FreeBSD, network polling can be used to improve network performance by reducing the amount of time spent processing interrupts. Polling is a technique where the network interface card (NIC) periodically checks the network for incoming packets instead of generating interrupts for each incoming pac
Oracle lsnrctl: error while loading shared libraries: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2 Solution
If you encounter an error message like "lsnrctl: error while loading shared libraries: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory" when using the Oracle lsnrctl command, it means that the required shared library file is mi
PHP Add Captcha Protection To Web Forms
Adding CAPTCHA protection to web forms is a common way to prevent automated bots from submitting the forms. This can help to reduce spam and other unwanted submissions. Here are the steps to add CAPTCHA protection to a web form using PHP: n n Choose a CAPTCHA library. There are many CAPTCHA librarie
Ubuntu Linux Save / Restore Iptables Rules
To save and restore iptables rules on Ubuntu Linux, you can use the iptables-save and iptables-restore commands. The iptables-save command writes the current iptables rules to a file, while the iptables-restore command reads the rules from a file and applies them to the system. Here are the steps
Linux Disable Shell / FTP Access For a User Account
To disable shell and FTP access for a user account in Linux, you can change the user's shell to a restricted shell, such as /bin/false or /usr/sbin/nologin . This will prevent the user from logging in and running any commands on the system. Additionally, you may need to modify the user's FTP configu
FreeBSD Check The Health of Adaptec RAID Array
To check the health of an Adaptec RAID array on FreeBSD, you can use the arcconf command, which is included in the Adaptec Storage Manager software. Here are the steps to check the health of an Adaptec RAID array on FreeBSD:rn rn Install the Adaptec Storage Manager software on the FreeBSD system.
Configure Linux As Bastion Host
A bastion host is a server or virtual machine that is exposed to the public internet and is designed to act as a gateway to access other servers or resources in a private network. In this section, we will explain how to configure a Linux machine as a bastion host. Here are the steps to configure
Solaris UNIX: Display LUNs
To display LUNs on a Solaris UNIX system, you can use the cfgadm command. The cfgadm command is used to display and manage the configuration of various devices on the system, including disks and LUNs. Here are the steps to display LUNs using the cfgadm command:rn rn Open a terminal or SSH session
CentOS: Install Packages Via yum Command Using DVD / CD as Repo
To install packages on CentOS using the yum command with a DVD or CD as the repository, you can follow these steps:rn rn Insert the DVD or CD into the drive. rn Mount the DVD or CD by running the following command: rn rn rn rn sudo mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdromrn rn rnThis command assumes that the D
UNIX / Linux: Send E-mail When sudo Runs
To send an email when the sudo command is executed on a UNIX/Linux system, you can set up an email notification using the sudoers configuration file. Here are the steps to do it:rn rn Edit the sudoers configuration file by running the following command: rn rn rn rn sudo visudorn rn rnThis will op
Ubuntu Linux Find Out Default Gateway / Route
To find out the default gateway or route on an Ubuntu Linux system, you can use the ip command in a terminal. Here's how to do it:rn rn Open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T . rn Run the following command to display the routing table: rn rn rn rn ip routern rn rnThis command will display the
CentOS / RHEL: Install MySQL PHP Extension
To install the MySQL PHP extension on CentOS or RHEL, you can follow these steps: n n Install the MySQL community repository by downloading and installing the RPM package from the official MySQL website. You can download the RPM package by running the following command: n n n n wget https: / / dev.m
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