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How To Exit From top Command In Linux / Unix / BSD / OS X
To exit the top command in Linux, Unix, BSD, or OS X, you can use the following keyboard shortcuts:rn rn Press q : This will exit the top command immediately and return you to the terminal prompt. rn Press CTRL + C : This will exit the top command and return you to the terminal prompt. rn rnNote: If
How To Exit Vim Text Editor Command
To exit the Vim text editor, you can use one of the following commands:rn rn Save and exit: rn rn rn rn :wq rn rn rn rn Exit without saving: rn rn rn rn : q !rn rn rn rn Save changes, but exit only if there were no changes: rn rn rn rn : q rn rn rnNote that :q will only exit the editor if there have
RHEL / Centos 6 – Install Nginx Using Yum Command
To install Nginx on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 6 or CentOS 6 using the yum command, you need to add the Nginx repository to your system. Here are the steps:rn rn Download and install the Nginx repository configuration: rn rn rn rn sudo rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/noarch/RPMS/ngi
How To Use Cat Command To Append Data To a File on Linux/Unix
The cat command can be used to append data to a file on Linux or Unix. You can use the following syntax:rn rn rn cat >> filenamern rn rnThis will open the file in append mode, and you can type or paste the data that you want to append. When you are finished, press CTRL + D to save and exit. Th
Linux/Unix: Rename Directory With Spaces In Name
To rename a directory with spaces in its name in Linux or Unix, you need to use quotes or escape the spaces. Here are two ways to do this: n n Use quotes: n n n n mv "old directory name" "new directory name" n n n n Escape the spaces: n n n n mv old \ directory\ name new \ directory\ name n n n Note
Debian / Ubuntu Linux: Install GTK 2+ Development Environment
To install the GTK 2+ development environment on Debian or Ubuntu Linux, you can use the following steps:rn rn Update your package lists: rn rn rn rn sudo apt - get update rn rn rn rn Install the GTK 2+ development packages: rn rn rn rn sudo apt- get install libgtk2 .0 -devrn rn rnThis will install
How To Look Up DNS on a Linux and Unix Systems
There are several ways to look up DNS information on a Linux and Unix system, including using the "nslookup" and "dig" commands.rn rn "nslookup" command: The "nslookup" command is a simple tool for looking up information about a domain name, such as its IP address. To use the "nslookup" command, ope
Linux / Unix: fg Command Examples
The "fg" command in Linux and Unix is used to bring a background job to the foreground. This allows you to interact with the job as if it were a foreground job, rather than running in the background. Here are some examples of how to use the "fg" command:rn rn To bring the most recent background j
Linux / Unix: killall Command Examples
The "killall" command in Linux and Unix is used to kill processes by name. It sends a signal to all processes running the specified command name. Here are some examples of how to use the "killall" command:rn rn To kill a process by name, use the following command: rn rn rn rn killall < process
Linux / Unix: disown Command Examples
The "disown" command in Linux and Unix is used to remove a job from the control of the terminal and shell. When a job is disowned, it will continue to run in the background even if the terminal is closed, or the user logs out. Here are some examples of how to use the "disown" command:rn rn To dis
OpenBSD: Configure Network Interface As A Bridge / Network Switch
To configure a network interface as a bridge in OpenBSD, you need to use the "ifconfig" command. A bridge is a device that connects multiple network interfaces together, allowing traffic to be passed between them. Here's an example of how to configure a bridge interface in OpenBSD:rn rn Create th
Linux ls Command Sort Files By Size
To sort the output of the "ls" command by file size, you can use the "ls" command with the "-S" option. The "-S" option sorts the files and directories by size, with the largest files listed first. Here's an example of how to use the "ls" command to sort files by size:rn rn rn ls -lSrn rn rnThis
Linux: Convert .AVI File To Apple iPod / iPhone MP4 [M4V] Format
To convert an AVI file to Apple iPod/iPhone MP4 (M4V) format on Linux, you can use the HandBrake tool. HandBrake is an open-source, multithreaded video transcoder that can be used to convert videos from one format to another. Here's how you can use HandBrake to convert an AVI file to MP4 format o
Squid Proxy Server Change Outgoing IP Address
To change the outgoing IP address for a Squid proxy server, you can use the "tcp_outgoing_address" directive in the Squid configuration file. This directive specifies the IP address that Squid should use as the source address for outgoing TCP connections. Here's how you can change the outgoing IP
Linux Iptables Setup Firewall For a Web Server
To set up a firewall for a web server using iptables in Linux, you can use the following steps:rn rn Flush existing rules: rn rn rn rn sudo iptables - F rn rn rn rn Set the default policy to drop incoming and forward traffic: rn rn rn rn sudo iptables - P INPUT DROPrnsudo iptables - P FORWARD DROPrn
Red Hat Linux (RHEL) 5/6: Change OpenSSH Port Number
To change the OpenSSH port number in Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 5/6, you can modify the SSH daemon's configuration file, which is located at "/etc/ssh/sshd_config". Here's how you can change the OpenSSH port number:rn rn Open the "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" file using a text editor: rn rn rn rn s
Linux Find Out What Process Are Using Swap Space
To find out which processes are using swap space in Linux, you can use the "top" or "pmap" command.rn rn "top" command: rn rnThe "top" command provides an interactive display of system information, including a list of processes and their associated resource usage. You can use the "top" command to se
KSH redirect stdout and stderr to a file on Linux or Unix
In the Korn shell (ksh), you can redirect both standard output (stdout) and standard error (stderr) to a file using the following syntax:rn rn rn command > file.txt 2>&1rn rn rnIn this example, "command" is the command you want to run, and "file.txt" is the name of the file to which the ou
How to run shell script in Linux
A shell script is a text file that contains shell commands, and can be executed on a Linux system. Here are the steps to run a shell script in Linux:rn rn Make the script executable: rn rn rn rn chmod +x script.shrn rn rnReplace "script.sh" with the actual name of your shell script file. This step s
Linux / Unix which Command Examples To Find Out A Program File
The "which" command in Linux/Unix is used to determine the location of executable files in the system PATH. Here are some examples of using the "which" command:rn rn Find the location of a specific program: rn rn rn rn which program-namern rn rnReplace "program-name" with the actual name of the prog
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