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Bash Shell Count Number of Characters In a String or Word
In bash, you can count the number of characters in a string or word using the ${#string} syntax. The # operator returns the length of the string. Here's an example of how you can use this syntax to count the number of characters in a string:rn rn rn string = "Hello, World!" rnchar_count=${ #strin
mysqldump – Copy Database Using Shell Pipes and SSH
The mysqldump command is a useful tool for backing up a MySQL database. One way to use mysqldump to copy a database from one server to another is by using shell pipes and SSH. Here's an example of how you can use mysqldump to copy a database named "mydatabase" from a remote server to your local m
Linux / UNIX: Smartctl Check Hard Disk Behind 3Ware RAID Card
To check the health of a hard disk behind a 3Ware RAID card in Linux or UNIX, you can use the smartctl command. smartctl is a tool that provides information about the health of a hard disk and allows you to run SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) tests. To check the health
Linux Deleting Firewall Rules Commands
To delete firewall rules in Linux, you can use the iptables command. iptables is a firewall service in Linux that allows you to configure and manage the firewall rules. n To delete a specific firewall rule, you need to know the line number of the rule. You can use the iptables command with the -L op
Sendmail: Clear / Delete / Flush Mail Queue Command
To clear the mail queue in Sendmail, you can use the following command: n n n sendmail - q n n n The -q option tells Sendmail to process the mail queue and deliver any pending messages. By default, Sendmail checks the mail queue every hour, but you can use the -q option to force it to process the qu
Linux: Find All File Descriptors Used By a Process
In Linux, you can find all the file descriptors used by a process by using the lsof command. The lsof (List Open Files) command lists information about files that are open by processes on a Linux system. To find all the file descriptors used by a specific process, you can use the following comman
yum Command Hangs on Running Transaction Test Message Error and Solution
If you are encountering an issue where the yum command hangs on the message "Running transaction test," it could be due to a variety of reasons, including network connectivity issues, a misconfigured repository, or a corrupted package database. Here are a few solutions you can try:rn rn Check net
Linux Dell Server / Desktop / Laptop Find Out Service Tag Command
On a Dell server, desktop, or laptop running Linux, you can use the following command to find the service tag:rn rn rn sudo dmidecode -s system -serial-numberrn rn rnThis command will display the service tag of your Dell system by reading the system information from the DMI (Desktop Management Inter
Slow DNS on Linux with IPv4 and IPV6 Configured Firewall
If you are experiencing slow DNS resolution on a Linux system that has both IPv4 and IPv6 configured, there could be several reasons for the issue. Some possible causes and solutions include:rn rn Firewall rules: If your firewall is blocking DNS traffic, this could cause slow DNS resolution. To reso
TCSH / CSH / C Shell Check Whether a Directory is Empty or Not
In the TCSH (also known as the C shell), you can check whether a directory is empty or not using the ls command and the test command. Here's how:rn rn rn if ( ! (` ls -A $dir 2>/dev/null`) ) then rn echo " $dir is empty" rn else rn echo " $dir is not empty" rnendifrn rn rnIn this example, the ls
How to save a file in Unix using command line
To save a file in Unix using the command line, you can use the vi editor. Here's how:rn rn Open the vi editor: rn rn rn rn $ vi filenamern rn rnReplace filename with the name of the file you want to create.rn rn Press the i key to enter insert mode. rn Type or paste the content of the file. rn Press
Nginx: 413 – Request Entity Too Large Error and Solution
The "413 – Request Entity Too Large" error in Nginx occurs when a client tries to upload a file that is too large for Nginx to handle. This error can be solved by increasing the client_max_body_size directive in the Nginx configuration file. Here's how:rn rn Open the Nginx configuration file: rn rn
Remote Shutdown of a Linux / Unix Computer From MS-Windows
You can remotely shut down a Linux or Unix computer from a Microsoft Windows computer using the ssh protocol and the shutdown command. Here's how:rn rn Download and install an ssh client for Windows, such as PuTTY. rn Open the PuTTY client. rn In the Host Name (or IP address) field, enter the hostna
awk / cut: Skip First Two Fields and Print the Rest of Line
To skip the first two fields and print the rest of the line using awk or cut , you can use the following command: With awk :rn rn rn $ awk '{ $1 = $2 = "" ; print $0 }' input_filern rn rnWith cut :rn rn rn $ cut -d ' ' -f3- input_file rn rn rnReplace input_file with the name of your input file. T
Nginx Redirect URL With HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently Header
In Nginx, you can use the return directive to redirect a URL with the HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently header. Here's how:rn rn Open the Nginx configuration file: rn rn rn rn $ sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf rn rn rn rn Add the following code to the server block for the domain you want to redirect: r
OpenBSD: Install Firefox Web Browser
To install the Firefox web browser on OpenBSD, you can use the pkg_add command. Here's how:rn rn Open a terminal window. rn Update the package list: rn rn rn rn $ sudo pkg_add -urn rn rn rn Install Firefox: rn rn rn rn $ sudo pkg_add firefoxrn rn rnThis will download and install the latest version o
Linux Download Password Protected Large ISO Images [ Authentication Credentials ]
To download a password-protected large ISO image in Linux, you’ll need to provide the authentication credentials (username and password) to the server. The following is a general guideline for downloading a password-protected ISO image: n n Open a terminal window. n Use the wget command to dow
-bash: sudo: command not found Error and Solution
The error message -bash: sudo: command not found means that the sudo command is not installed or not in your shell’s PATH. sudo is a command that allows users to run commands with elevated privileges (as the superuser). n Here are some steps to resolve the error: n n Check if sudo is installed
Linux Delete / Remove MBR
To delete or remove the Master Boot Record (MBR) in Linux, you can use the dd command. The dd command can be used to overwrite the MBR with zeros or other data. Here's how you can use dd to delete the MBR:rn rn Determine the device name of the disk you want to delete the MBR from: rn rn rn rn $ lsbl
HowTo: Create Slackware Linux Bootable USB Pen Drive
Here's how to create a Slackware Linux bootable USB pen drive:rn rn Insert the USB pen drive into your computer. rn Determine the device name of the USB pen drive: rn rn rn rn $ lsblkrn rn rnIn this example, the USB pen drive is /dev/sdb . Make sure to replace this with the device name of your USB p
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