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Linux exec-notify: Find Out Shell Escaping Applications [ Security Monitoring ]
exec-notify is a Linux kernel feature that provides a way for a process to receive notifications about the execution of a file. It can be used to monitor for security-related activities, such as when a user runs a suspicious or dangerous command, or when a file is executed that has been marked as po
HowTo: PHP Compare Two Text Strings
In PHP, you can compare two text strings using the equality operator == or the identity operator === . The equality operator == performs a loose comparison of two values, which means that it performs type coercion. For example, if you compare a string to an integer, PHP will convert the string to
Linux / UNIX: Kill User Session
You can kill a user session in Linux or UNIX by using the pkill command. pkill is a command-line utility that sends signals to processes based on the process name or process ID. To kill a user session, you need to find the process ID of the user's shell and then use pkill to send the signal to th
Debian / Ubuntu Linux: Install KornShell (KSH)
You can install the KornShell (KSH) in a Debian or Ubuntu Linux system using the following steps:rn rn Open a terminal. rn Update the package list by running the following command: rn rn rn rn sudo apt - get update rn rn rn rn Install the ksh package by running the following command: rn rn rn rn sud
Ubuntu Linux Create a Text File Using cat Command
You can create a text file using the cat command in the terminal of an Ubuntu Linux system as follows: n n Open the terminal. n Type cat > filename.txt and press Enter. This will open a new file with the name “filename.txt”. n Type the text you want to add to the file and press Enter
Linux: Check Network Connection Command
There are several commands that can be used to check the network connection in Linux, some of the most commonly used ones are:rn rn ping : This is a basic command that sends an echo request to a specified domain or IP address. It is used to check if the host is reachable and to measure the round-tri
Linux Find Out My Machine Name/Hostname
To find out the hostname of a Linux machine, you can use the "hostname" command. Here's an example:rn rn rn hostnamern rn rnThis will print the hostname of the machine to the terminal. If you want to see the fully qualified domain name (FQDN), you can use the "hostname -f" command:rn rn rn hostname
FATAL: Error inserting it87 (/lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/hwmon/it87.ko): Device or resource busy
The error message "FATAL: Error inserting it87 (/lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/hwmon/it87.ko): Device or resource busy" is indicating that the system is unable to load the it87 kernel module. This error is often caused by the module being in use by another device or process, or by a confli
Linux / Unix: Awk Print Variable
In the awk programming language, you can use the print statement to output the value of a variable. For example:rn rn rn #!/bin/awk -f BEGIN {rn # assign a value to a variable rn myvar = "Hello, world!" # print the value of the variable rn print myvarrn}rn rn rnThis script will print the st
HowTo: Upgrade Debian Lenny to Squeeze
To upgrade a Debian system from Lenny (5.0) to Squeeze (6.0), you need to follow these steps:rn rn Update the package list: rn rn rn rn sudo apt - get update rn rn rn rn Upgrade the packages: rn rn rn rn sudo apt- get upgradern rn rn rn Change the sources.list file to the new version of Debian: rn r
Debian Linux Configure Wireless Networking With WPA2
To configure wireless networking with WPA2 encryption on a Debian Linux system, you need to make sure that your wireless card is recognized and the appropriate drivers are installed. If you're using a desktop environment like Gnome or KDE, you can typically use a graphical tool to set up your wirele
Linux: rsync Copy Directories Structures Tree Only
To copy only the directory structures (without copying the files themselves) using rsync , you can use the --dirs option:rn rn rn rsync -a -- dirs /source/ /destination/rn rn rnHere, -a is used to preserve the permissions, ownership, timestamps, etc. of the directories. The --dirs option tells rsync
Explains: Linux linux-gate.so.1 Library / Dynamic Shared Object [ vdso ]
linux-gate.so.1 is a special shared library in the Linux operating system. It is also known as the Virtual Dynamic Shared Object (vdso), and is used to provide fast access to some system calls and other commonly used functions. The vdso is mapped into the virtual address space of every process, a
Unix / Linux: sftp File From One Server To Another
The sftp (Secure File Transfer Protocol) command is a secure way to transfer files between two servers over an SSH connection. n Here is an example of how to use sftp to transfer a file from one server to another: n n Open a terminal on the source server and log in to the destination server using sf
Linux: phpinfo() system’s timezone error date.timezone
The "date.timezone" error in the phpinfo() function is related to the timezone configuration of your PHP installation. This error message occurs when the timezone is not set in the PHP configuration file (php.ini) or in the script itself. To resolve this error, you need to set the timezone in the
Linux / UNIX: Software Update Vs Upgrade – What’s the Difference?
In the context of Linux and UNIX operating systems, “software update” and “software upgrade” are two different concepts. n A “software update” refers to the installation of new patches, bug fixes, security fixes, or other minor changes to the existing software on
PHP: <? ?> Tags Not Working in PHP 5.3.x under UNIX / Linux
In PHP 5.3 and later versions, the short open tag <? is disabled by default, meaning that it won’t be interpreted as the start of a PHP block. This change was made to allow for better compatibility with XML, where the <? character sequence is used to define processing instructions. n To
Howto: Shutdown Linux System From Terminal
You can use the shutdown command in Linux to shut down the system from the terminal. Here are a few examples of how to use the shutdown command:rn rn To shut down the system immediately: rn rn rn rn # shutdown now rn rn rnThis will immediately shut down the system, without giving any warning or givi
Bash Infinite Loop Examples
An infinite loop in a shell script is a loop that runs continuously until it is explicitly broken or the script is terminated. Here are a few examples of how to create an infinite loop in a bash script:rn rn while true loop: rn rn rn rn #!/bin/bash while true rn do rn # commands to be executed
Linux / Unix: Sed Delete Matching Words In A File
You can use the sed command in Linux and Unix to delete matching words from a file. The sed command is a powerful stream editor that can perform various text transformations on a file. Here's an example of how you can use sed to delete matching words from a file:rn rn rn $ sed '/word_to_delete/d'
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