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How to delete a single command from history on a Linux/Unix Bash shell
To delete a single command from the history in a Linux/Unix Bash shell, you can use the "history" command to view the command history, and then use the "history -d" command to delete a specific command by its number. Here's an example:rn rn View the command history using the "history" command: rn
How to change system’s hostname on HP-UX Unix system
To change the system’s hostname on HP-UX, you can use the “sam” command-line utility. The “sam” utility is the System Administration Manager, which provides a text-based interface for managing various system configurations, including the hostname. n Here’s how you
FreeBSD find CPU (processor) temperature command
To find the CPU temperature in FreeBSD, you can use the sysctl command to retrieve the temperature information from the system's sensors. The temperature is stored in the "hw.sensors.cpu0.temp0" sysctl node. Example:rn rn rn sysctl hw.sensors.cpu0.temp0rn rn rnOutput:rn rn rn hw.sensors.cpu0.temp
How to check boot path (partition) in Linux
To check the boot partition in Linux, you can use the "lsblk" command. This command lists all the available block devices and their respective partitions. The boot partition is typically the root partition (/) and is mounted as the root file system. The output of the command will show the name of th
How to list all iptables rules with line numbers on Linux
You can list all iptables rules with line numbers in Linux using the following command:rn rn rn sudo iptables -nL --line-numbers rn rn rnThe -n option specifies that IP addresses and port numbers should be displayed in numeric format, rather than in reverse DNS format. The -L option lists all the ru
How to undefine and unset a bash environment variable on Linux or Unix
You can undefine and unset a bash environment variable using the unset command in the terminal. For example, if you have an environment variable named MY_VAR , you can undefine and unset it by running the following command:rn rn rn unset MY_VARrn rn rnAfter running this command, the variable MY_V
How to check os version in Linux command line
There are several ways to check the operating system version in the Linux command line. Here are a few common methods:rn rn Using the lsb_release command: rn rn rn rn lsb_release - a rn rn rnThis command displays detailed information about the Linux distribution, including the version, release numbe
upower command in Linux with examples
The upower command is a tool in Linux for monitoring and managing power usage on the system. It provides information about the state of the battery, the power supply, and other power-related information. Here are some common examples of how to use the upower command:rn rn Get a list of all power
How to list startup services at boot time in Fedora Linux
In Fedora Linux, you can list the services that run at boot time using the systemctl command. The systemctl command is used to control the system manager, which is responsible for starting and stopping services and managing the system's state. To list all services that start at boot time in Fedor
How to find out when Debian or Ubuntu package installed or updated
To find out when a package was installed or updated on a Debian or Ubuntu system, you can use the dpkg command in the terminal. The dpkg command provides information about the packages installed on your system, including the installation date and time. To see the installation date of a specifi
How To Patch and Protect OpenSSH Client Vulnerability CVE-2016-0777 and CVE-2016-0778
The vulnerabilities CVE-2016-0777 and CVE-2016-0778 in the OpenSSH client were fixed in version 7.2p2 and later. To patch and protect against these vulnerabilities, you need to upgrade your OpenSSH client to a version that includes the fix. Here are the steps to upgrade the OpenSSH client on a Li
How to use curl command with proxy username/password on Linux/ Unix
To use the curl command with a proxy username and password on Linux/Unix, you can use the following syntax:rn rn rn curl --proxy proxy-server-URL rn rn rnFor example, to make a request to https://www.example.com using a proxy server proxy.example.com with a username of user and password of pass , yo
Ubuntu Linux check cron log file error or messages in /var/log/cron.log file
In Ubuntu Linux, you can check the cron log file for errors or messages by viewing the /var/log/cron.log file. This file contains information about when cron jobs are executed and their results. You can view the contents of the file with the following command:rn rn rn sudo less /var/ log /cron. l
How to enable colorized output for ls command in macOS X Terminal
To enable colorized output for the ls command in the macOS X Terminal, you need to add the following line to your shell configuration file (e.g. ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bashrc ):rn rn rn export CLICOLOR = 1 rn rn rnThis will enable colorized output for the ls command in the terminal. If you don't h
How to block an IP address with ufw on Ubuntu Linux server
To block an IP address with ufw on an Ubuntu Linux server, follow these steps:rn rn Open a terminal window rn Check the status of ufw with the following command: sudo ufw status rn If ufw is not enabled, enable it with the following command: sudo ufw enable rn Block the IP address with the following
How To Patch and Protect Linux Kernel Zero Day Vulnerability CVE-2016-0728
The Linux kernel vulnerability CVE-2016-0728 is a race condition that can allow a local attacker to escalate their privileges and gain root access to the system. The vulnerability affects Linux kernels versions 3.8 and above. To patch this vulnerability, you should update your Linux kernel to a v
Hello World Bash Shell Script
Here's an example of a simple "Hello World" bash shell script:rn rn rn #!/bin/bash echo "Hello World" rn rn rnTo run the script, save it to a file with a .sh extension, make the file executable using the chmod command, and then run the file. For example, to save the script to a file named he
Linux Check Disk Space Command To View System Disk Usage
To check the disk space usage on a Linux system, you can use the df command. n The basic syntax is as follows: n n n df -h n n n The -h option makes the output human-readable, showing sizes in a format like 1G instead of 10241024 . n The output of the df command shows information about the disk spac
FreeBSD find the chmod numerical value for a file or directory
To find the chmod numerical value (also known as the file permission mode) for a file or directory on FreeBSD, use the stat command with the %A format specifier. For example, to find the chmod value for a file named file.txt , you would run the following command:rn rn rn stat -f %A file.txtrn rn
How to install KVM on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Headless Server
To install KVM on an Ubuntu 14.04 LTS headless server, follow these steps:rn rn Install the required packages: rn rn rn rn sudo apt - get update rnsudo apt - get install qemu - kvm libvirt - bin ubuntu - vm - builder bridge - utilsrn rn rn rn Add your user to the kvm group: rn rn rn rn sudo adduser
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