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Debian / Ubuntu Linux: E: Encountered a section with no Package: header Error and Solution
The error “E: Encountered a section with no Package: header” typically occurs when you try to use the apt-get command to update the package list on a Debian or Ubuntu system and there is a problem with the sources list. n Here are some common solutions for resolving this error: n n Check
Linux Command: Show Mounted Hard Drives Partition
To show mounted hard drive partitions in Linux, you can use the df command. The df command displays the amount of disk space used and available on all file systems, including hard drive partitions. n Here’s an example of how to use the df command: n n n # Display information about mounted file
OpenSSH: ssh-add / ssh-agent Command Set Maximum Lifetime In Seconds
The lifetime of the ssh-agent process, and the keys it holds, can be set by using the -t or -t <seconds> option when starting the ssh-agent process. Here's an example of how to start the ssh-agent process with a maximum lifetime of 3600 seconds (1 hour):rn rn rn # Start the ssh-agent proces
HowTo: Temporarily Switch Off SELinux Enforcement
To temporarily switch off SELinux enforcement, you can use the setenforce command. This command changes the mode of SELinux enforcement on the fly, without requiring a reboot or restart of any services. Here's an example of how to temporarily switch off SELinux enforcement:rn rn rn # Set SELinux
Linux / Unix Shell Script: Get Current User Name
You can get the current user name in a Linux or Unix shell script by using the whoami command or by accessing the $USER environment variable. n Here’s an example using the whoami command: n n n #!/bin/bash n current_user=$( whoami ) n echo "The current user is: $current_user " n n n And here&#
How To Display Color Man Pages in Linux and Unix
You can display colored man pages in Linux and Unix by using the GROFF_NO_SGR environment variable and piping the output of the man command through a pager, such as less . n Here’s an example of how to display color man pages in a Linux or Unix system: n n n export GROFF_NO_SGR=1 nman < com
Linux / Unix Colored Man Pages With less Command
You can use the less command to view man pages with color in a Linux or Unix system. By default, the less command does not display man pages with color, but you can enable color with the LESS_TERMCAP_md environment variable. Here's an example of how to view man pages with color using the less com
Linux Show The Groups a User Is In
You can use the id command to show the groups a user is in on a Linux system. The basic syntax of the id command is as follows:rn rn rn id usernamern rn rnWhere username is the name of the user you want to check. For example, to show the groups for the user johndoe , you would run the following c
Linux List All Users In The System Command
You can use the getent command to list all the users in a Linux system. The getent command retrieves entries from various administrative database sources, including the password database which stores information about the users on the system. Here's an example of how to use the getent command to
Linux – How To Copy a Folder [ Command Line Option ]
In Linux, you can use the cp command to copy a folder and its contents to a new location. The basic syntax for copying a folder using cp is as follows:rn rn rn cp -r source_folder destinationrn rn rnWhere source_folder is the name of the folder you want to copy, and destination is the location where
UNIX: Recursive Delete Directory / Files
To recursively delete a directory and all of its contents in Unix-like systems, you can use the rm command with the -r (or --recursive ) option. Here's an example of how to use the rm command to delete a directory called "example_dir" and all of its contents:rn rn rn rm -r example_dirrn rn rnThe
Could not chdir to home directory /root: No such file or directory Error and Solution
The error message "Could not chdir to home directory /root: No such file or directory" occurs when the shell is unable to change to the specified home directory for the user. This can happen if the home directory does not exist or if the user has incorrect permissions for their home directory. To
How do I start a network service in Ubuntu?
In Ubuntu, you can start a network service using the systemctl command. The systemctl command is used to manage system services, and can be used to start, stop, restart, and check the status of services. Here's the basic syntax for starting a service using systemctl :rn rn sudo systemctl start se
How to force kill process in Linux using kill and killall
In Linux, you can use the kill and killall commands to force kill a process. The kill command is used to send a signal to a process, with the default signal being SIGTERM , which terminates the process gracefully. If the process does not respond to the SIGTERM signal, you can use the -9 option to
How to Send The Content Of a Text File Using mail Command In Unix / Linux
You can use the mail command in Unix or Linux to send the contents of a text file as an email. The basic syntax of the mail command is as follows: n n n mail -s subject recipient_email_address < text_file n n n n -s is used to specify the subject of the email. n recipient_email_address is the ema
Mac OS X: Delete SSH Keys Using Terminal Command Line
You can delete SSH keys on Mac OS X using the ssh-keygen command line utility. The ssh-keygen utility can be used to generate, manage, and delete SSH keys. Here's the basic process to delete an SSH key:rn rn Open the Terminal application. rn Change to the directory where the SSH keys are stored b
Linux / Unix AWK: Read a Text File
In AWK, you can read a text file using the awk command followed by the { commands } block that specifies the actions to be performed on each line of the input file. The input file can be specified as the last argument on the command line, or it can be redirected from the standard input.rnr
HowTo: Install ssh In Linux
The ssh (Secure Shell) package is usually pre-installed in most Linux distributions, but if it's not installed on your system, you can easily install it using your distribution's package manager. Here are the steps to install ssh on some of the most popular Linux distributions:rn Debian/Ubuntu rn rn
How to iterate Bash For Loop variable range Under Unix / Linux
In Bash, you can use the for loop to iterate over a range of values. One way to specify the range is using the seq command, which generates a sequence of numbers. n Here’s an example of using seq in a for loop to iterate over a range of numbers from 1 to 10: n n n for i in $( seq 1 10); do n e
How To Shutdown Linux Using Command Line
You can shut down a Linux system using the command line by using the shutdown command. The basic syntax is as follows:rn rn rn sudo shutdown rn rn rn rn OPTIONS : There are several options you can use to specify how the shutdown process should proceed. For example, you can use the -h or --halt optio
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