To execute a script on a remote UNIX or Linux server, you can use the ssh command, which allows you to log in to the remote system and run commands. Here are the steps to execute a script on a remote server using ssh: Open a terminal or command prompt on your local system. Type … Read more

To generate SSH keys on a Linux or UNIX system, you can use the ssh-keygen command, which is included with most distributions. Here are the steps to generate SSH keys: Open a terminal or command prompt on your Linux or UNIX system. Type the following command to generate an SSH key pair: ssh-keygen This will … Read more

To restart or reload OpenSSH on OpenBSD without rebooting, you can use the rcctl command, which is the OpenBSD system’s service management utility. Here are the steps to restart or reload OpenSSH using rcctl: Open a terminal or command prompt on your OpenBSD system. To restart the OpenSSH service, type the following command: sudo rcctl … Read more

To generate an RSA SSH key pair on a Linux system, you can use the ssh-keygen command, which is included with most Linux distributions. Here are the steps to generate an RSA SSH key pair: Open a terminal or command prompt on your Linux system. Type the following command to generate an RSA key pair: … Read more

To generate strong passwords in Linux or UNIX systems using the /dev/urandom device, you can use the tr command to translate random bytes into printable characters. Here’s an example command that generates a random 12-character password using /dev/urandom: tr -dc A-Za-z0-9 < /dev/urandom | head -c 12 ; echo ” This command uses tr to … Read more

The error message “ERROR 1018 (HY000): Can’t read dir of ‘./dbname/’ (errno: 13)” indicates that the MySQL server is unable to read the directory where the database files are stored, due to a file permissions issue. Here are some steps to resolve the issue: Check the permissions of the directory and its contents using the … Read more

To change the password of a user in FreeBSD using a shell script, you can use the passwd command. Here’s an example shell script that prompts for a username and new password: #!/bin/sh # Prompt for the username echo “Enter the username: ” read username # Prompt for the new password echo “Enter the new … Read more

Postfix is a popular mail transfer agent (MTA) used for routing and delivering email messages between mail servers. By default, Postfix logs the client IP address and hostname in its mail logs, which can be useful for troubleshooting and analysis. However, if you want to hide the client IP address or hostname from the mail … Read more

To forward emails received by a Postfix mail server to another email account, follow these steps: Edit the Postfix configuration file /etc/postfix/main.cf: # vi /etc/postfix/main.cf Add the following line to the end of the file to specify the email address to which emails should be forwarded: virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual Create a new file /etc/postfix/virtual and … Read more

OpenNTPD is a free and easy-to-use implementation of the Network Time Protocol (NTP) that provides accurate time synchronization between servers and clients on a network. Here are the steps to install OpenNTPD on FreeBSD: Update the package repository: # pkg update Install OpenNTPD: # pkg install openntpd Edit the configuration file /etc/ntpd.conf to specify the … Read more