To start, stop, or restart the Apache server on a Fedora Linux system, you can use the systemctl command, which is used to control the systemd system and service manager. Here are the steps: Open a terminal window. To start the Apache server, type the following command and press Enter: sudo systemctl start httpd To … Read more

To find out what kind of video card is installed on your Ubuntu Linux system, you can use the lspci command, which lists the PCI devices connected to your system. Here are the steps: Open a terminal window. Type the following command and press Enter: lspci -vnn | grep VGA This will display information about … Read more

To disable the mounting of uncommon filesystems on a Linux system, you can modify the /etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf file. Here are the steps to disable the mounting of uncommon filesystems: Open the /etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf file with a text editor, such as vi or nano. Add the following line to the file to disable the loading of uncommon filesystem … Read more

To find and delete all hidden files and directories in a directory using Bash on Linux or UNIX, you can use the following command: find /path/to/directory -name ‘.*’ -type f -delete -o -type d -empty -delete Here’s what this command does: find is a command for searching for files and directories. /path/to/directory is the directory … Read more

To upgrade the password hashing algorithm to SHA-512 on a Linux system, follow these steps: Open the /etc/login.defs file with a text editor, such as vi or nano. Locate the line that contains the ENCRYPT_METHOD parameter. If the parameter is commented out with a # symbol, remove the symbol to uncomment it. Change the value … Read more

To display access warnings message for the login window on a Mac running macOS X, you can use the following steps: Open the “Terminal” application on your Mac. You can find it in the “Utilities” folder within the “Applications” folder. Type the following command into the Terminal and press Enter: sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow LoginwindowText … Read more

Logwatch is a tool that analyzes and summarizes system logs, and can be used to monitor system activity on a central log server. Here are the basic steps for configuring Logwatch on a central log server: Install the Logwatch package on your central log server. On most Linux distributions, you can do this using the … Read more

Iptables is a firewall tool that is available on most Linux distributions, including CentOS and Red Hat. Here is a basic tutorial for configuring the iptables firewall on CentOS and Red Hat: Check the status of iptables by running the following command: sudo systemctl status iptables If the iptables service is not running, you can … Read more

Updating security patches in Linux using the command line interface (CLI) typically involves using the package manager specific to your distribution. Here are the general steps to update security patches in Linux using the CLI: Log in to your Linux system as the root user or as a user with sudo privileges. Open a terminal … Read more

To change the welcome login message in OpenSSH on Ubuntu Linux, you can follow these steps: Log in to your Ubuntu system as the root user or a user with sudo privileges. Open the sshd_config file using a text editor of your choice. This file is typically located in the /etc/ssh/ directory. For example, to … Read more