Upgrading an Ubuntu 16.04 LTS instance on AWS Lightsail to 18.04 LTS requires a few steps. Here’s an overview of the process: Take a snapshot of your Lightsail instance: This will create a backup of your current system in case something goes wrong during the upgrade process. Update the package lists: Run the command sudo … Read more

Here are the steps to install PHP 7.2 with FPM (FastCGI Process Manager) for Nginx on FreeBSD: Install the PHP package using pkg: pkg install php72 Install the PHP-FPM package: pkg install php72-fpm Enable PHP-FPM in the system: sysrc php_fpm_enable=yes Start the PHP-FPM service: service php-fpm start Configure Nginx to use PHP-FPM. Edit the Nginx … Read more

In Bash, the for loop can be used to iterate over a list of items. Here are some examples of using the for loop in Bash: Loop over a range of numbers: for i in {1..10}; do echo $i done Loop over a list of items: for i in item1 item2 item3; do echo $i … Read more

Here are the general steps to create a virtual machine (VM) using a qcow2 image file in KVM: Install KVM on your system if it is not already installed. sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm libvirt-bin Create a new virtual machine using the virt-install command. This command is used to create new virtual machines from the command … Read more

You can use the ps command to check if a process is running or not on Linux/Unix. The ps command lists all running processes on the system. To check if a specific process is running, you can use the grep command to filter the output of the ps command. For example, to check if the … Read more

Bash auto-completion is a feature that provides suggestions for commands and arguments as you type. To add bash auto-completion in Ubuntu Linux, you can use the following steps: Install the bash-completion package by running the following command: sudo apt-get install bash-completion This package contains the necessary files and scripts to enable bash auto-completion. Once the … Read more

The dig command is part of the dnsutils package in Ubuntu. To install the dig command on Ubuntu, you can use the apt package manager. Here are the steps to install dig command on Ubuntu: Open a terminal window on your Ubuntu system. Run the following command to update the package list and ensure that … Read more

To upgrade or update a single package using apt-get on Ubuntu, you can use the following command: sudo apt-get install –only-upgrade package-name This command will update the specified package to the latest version available in the repositories. Alternatively, you can use the command sudo apt-get update package-name to update the package to the version available … Read more

In CentOS 7, you can use the NetworkManager service to run a script when a network interface is brought up. The NetworkManager service provides a number of hooks that can be used to execute scripts at different points in the network configuration process. Here’s an example of how you can use the NetworkManager service to … Read more

To set up SSH public key authentication on an Ubuntu 18.04 system, you can use the following steps: Open a terminal and run the following command to generate a new SSH key pair: ssh-keygen By default, the key will be saved in the ~/.ssh/ directory with the file name id_rsa. Press Enter to accept the … Read more