UFW, or Uncomplicated Firewall, is a command-line firewall tool for Ubuntu 18.04 LTS servers. Here is an overview of the steps to set up a UFW firewall on an Ubuntu 18. 04 LTS server: Start by updating the package list: sudo apt update Install the UFW package: sudo apt install ufw Verify the firewall’s status: … Read more

To configure a static IP address on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8, you can follow these steps: Open the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-interface file, where interface is the name of the network interface you want to configure. For example, if you want to configure the eth0 interface, you would open the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 file. Change the BOOTPROTO line … Read more

Cockpit is a web-based interface for managing servers running Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8. Here is an overview of the steps to install and activate Cockpit on RHEL 8: Install the Cockpit package using the dnf package manager: sudo dnf install cockpit Start the Cockpit service: sudo systemctl start cockpit.socket Enable the Cockpit service … Read more

In Bash, you can read the names of files from a text file and take action on them using a while loop and the read command. Here’s an example of how you might do this: #!/bin/bash # The name of the file containing the list of file names file_list=”files.txt” # Open the file and read … Read more

When using wget on FreeBSD to download a file from a website with a Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate, you may encounter an error that the certificate cannot be verified. This can occur if the root CA certificate for Let’s Encrypt is not installed on your system. To resolve this issue, you can install the Let’s … Read more

In Bash, the exit code of a command can be accessed using the special variable $?. The exit code is a numeric value that represents the status of the command’s execution. A value of 0 typically indicates success, while a non-zero value indicates failure. Here is an example of how to check the exit code … Read more

To update an LXD container running Ubuntu 16.04 to 18.04, you can use the lxc command-line tool. Here are the general steps to follow: Start by making a snapshot of the container, so that you can roll back if anything goes wrong during the update process: lxc snapshot <container name> <snapshot name> Then update the … Read more

There are several ways to check the RAID configuration in Linux, depending on the type of RAID being used. Here are a few common methods: cat /proc/mdstat: This command shows the current state of all Software RAIDs in the system. It will display all RAID arrays and their component devices, along with their status, such … Read more

To secure Apache with Let’s Encrypt certificates on RHEL 8/9, you can use the Certbot tool. Here are the general steps to follow: Install Certbot by running the following command: sudo dnf install certbot-apache Obtain a certificate by running the following command: sudo certbot –apache -d example.com -d www.example.com Configure Apache to use the newly … Read more

In Bash, you can use the = operator to check if a string starts with a specific character, such as #. Here is an example: # Declare a variable mystring=”#example” # Check if the string starts with “#” if [[ $mystring == “#”* ]]; then echo “The string starts with #” else echo “The string … Read more