The sleep command in Linux is used to pause the execution of a script or process for a specified amount of time. It is often used in shell scripts or other automation tasks. The syntax of the sleep command is: sleep NUMBER[SUFFIX]… Where NUMBER is the number of seconds to pause the execution, and SUFFIX … Read more

To run the sudo command without a password on a Linux or Unix system, you need to edit the /etc/sudoers file. The sudoers file is used to control the authorization and access of users to run sudo. Here’s the basic process to run the sudo command without a password: Open a terminal window. Open the … Read more

The keyboard shortcut to exit lxc-console on a Linux system depends on the terminal emulator that you are using. Here are a few common shortcuts: If you’re using a terminal emulator that supports the screen program, you can use Ctrl-a followed by Ctrl-q to exit lxc-console. If you’re using the xterm terminal emulator, you can … Read more

The ProxyCommand option in the ssh_config file allows you to specify a command that is used to connect to the target server. This can be useful when you need to reach a server that is not directly accessible and must go through an intermediate host. Here’s an example of how to use ProxyCommand to reach … Read more

To restrict an SSH user session to a specific directory on a Debian or Ubuntu Linux system, you can set up a chrooted jail. A chrooted jail is a way to limit the file system access of an SSH user to a specific directory. Here’s how to set up a chrooted jail for an SSH … Read more

You can delete a directory in Linux terminal using the rmdir or rm command. To delete an empty directory, you can use the rmdir command followed by the name of the directory you want to delete: rmdir directory_name If the directory is not empty, you can use the rm command with the -r (or –recursive) … Read more

To extract and decompress a .bz2 or .tbz2 file in Linux or Unix, you can use the tar command with the j option to handle bzip2 compression: tar xvjf file.tbz2 or tar xvjf file.bz2 Here, x option is used to extract the contents of the archive, v option is used to display verbose output, and … Read more

A LAMP server is a web server that uses the Linux operating system, Apache web server software, MySQL database management system, and PHP scripting language. To set up a LAMP server on Debian Linux 8 (Jessie), follow these steps: Install Apache web server: sudo apt-get install apache2 Install MySQL database: sudo apt-get install mysql-server Install … Read more

To find the version and patch level number of a FreeBSD system, you can use the following command: freebsd-version -ku This will print the version and patch level of the FreeBSD operating system. For example, if your system is running FreeBSD 12.2, the output will be: 12.2-RELEASE If your system has any patches installed, the … Read more

In Bash, you can find out the exit code of each piped command by checking the exit code of the last command in the pipe. To do this, you can use the special shell variable $? which contains the exit code of the last executed command. For example, consider the following command: command1 | command2 … Read more