There are several command line tools you can use to identify the operating system and applications running on a remote host. Here are a few options: nmap: nmap is a powerful network exploration tool that can be used to identify the operating system and applications running on a remote host. To run a basic OS … Read more
The dump command in Unix/Linux is used to backup and restore file systems. You can exclude certain directories or files from a dump using the exclude option. Here’s how to do it: dump -0u -f /path/to/backup-file /filesystem/to/backup -X /path/to/exclude-file Here, the -X option is used to specify a file that lists directories or files to … Read more
FreeBSD jails are a lightweight virtualization technology that allow you to create multiple isolated environments on a single host. Ezjail is a popular utility that makes it easier to create and manage jails on FreeBSD. Here’s how you can set up FreeBSD jails with ezjail: Install ezjail: pkg install ezjail Create a base jail: ezjail-admin … Read more
If you have installed a new binary on your Linux or BSD system and the shell doesn’t recognize it, it’s likely because the binary is not in your system’s PATH. Here’s how you can add the directory containing the binary to the PATH: Determine the directory that contains the binary. For example, if you installed … Read more
By default, FreeBSD limits the number of file descriptors that a process can open. Squid proxy caching server needs to open many files simultaneously, so you may need to increase the file descriptor limit for Squid. (https://lakeforestgc.com/) Here’s how to do it: Log in to your FreeBSD system as the root user. Open the /etc/sysctl.conf … Read more
To add a static IPv6 address to your Ubuntu Linux system, you need to modify the network configuration file. Here are the steps to add a static IPv6 address: Open the /etc/network/interfaces file using a text editor. For example: sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces Locate the network interface you want to add the static IPv6 address to. … Read more
Webmin is a web-based system administration tool that allows you to configure various system settings and services on your Linux system. If you wish to uninstall or remove Webmin from your system, you can follow the steps below: Log in to your Linux system as a user with sudo privileges. Stop the Webmin service by … Read more
In FreeBSD, network polling can be used to improve network performance by reducing the amount of time spent processing interrupts. Polling is a technique where the network interface card (NIC) periodically checks the network for incoming packets instead of generating interrupts for each incoming packet. Here are the steps to set network polling in FreeBSD: … Read more
If you encounter an error message like “lsnrctl: error while loading shared libraries: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory” when using the Oracle lsnrctl command, it means that the required shared library file is missing or not found in the system. Here are the steps you can take to resolve … Read more
Adding CAPTCHA protection to web forms is a common way to prevent automated bots from submitting the forms. This can help to reduce spam and other unwanted submissions. Here are the steps to add CAPTCHA protection to a web form using PHP: Choose a CAPTCHA library. There are many CAPTCHA libraries available for PHP, including … Read more