On Ubuntu and Debian Linux, you can use the “apt-mark” command to hold back packages, which means that the package will not be upgraded when you run the “apt-get upgrade” command. Here’s an example of how you can hold back a package: First, use the command “apt-mark showhold” to view the list of packages that … Read more
The error message [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1091) typically occurs when the SSL certificate of the server you are trying to connect to cannot be verified. This can happen for a number of reasons, including: The certificate is self-signed, and the certificate authority (CA) that issued it is … Read more
In Arch Linux, you can install htop by using the package manager pacman. Here are the steps you can follow: Start by updating the package list by running the following command: sudo pacman -Sy Next, you can install htop by running the following command: sudo pacman -S htop Once the installation is complete, you can … Read more
KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is an open-source virtualization technology that allows you to run multiple virtual machines on a single physical server. Here’s how you can install KVM on an Ubuntu 20.04 LTS headless server: First, update the package repository by running the command “sudo apt update” Next, install the KVM package and other required … Read more
In Ubuntu 20.04, you can add a network bridge (br0) using the nmcli command-line tool. Here are the steps you can follow: Start by making sure that the network-manager package is installed by running the following command: sudo apt-get install network-manager Next, you can create a new bridge by running the following command: nmcli connection … Read more
Wireguard is a modern, secure VPN protocol that can be used to set up a virtual private network (VPN) on a FreeBSD jail. Here’s how you can install the Wireguard VPN client in a FreeBSD jail: First, create a new jail using the command “jail -c -n jail_name” Next, enter the jail using the command … Read more
In Squid, you can test the configuration file for syntax errors by using the squid -k parse command. Here are the steps you can follow: Open a terminal window and navigate to the directory where the Squid configuration file is located. Run the following command to test the configuration file for syntax errors: squid -k … Read more
In Ubuntu and Debian Linux, you can use the apt-mark command to hold back packages from being upgraded. Here are the steps you can follow: Start by updating the package list by running the following command: sudo apt-get update Next, you can hold back a package by running the following command: sudo apt-mark hold package_name … Read more
Amazon Route 53 is a DNS service offered by Amazon Web Services (AWS) and acme.sh is a command-line utility for automating the process of obtaining and renewing Let’s Encrypt SSL/TLS certificates. Here’s how you can use acme.sh to obtain a wildcard certificate for a domain hosted on Route 53: First, install acme.sh on your server … Read more
In CentOS, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), and Fedora, you can install less by using the package manager yum. Here are the steps you can follow: Start by updating the package list by running the following command: sudo yum update Next, install less by running the following command: sudo yum install less Once the installation … Read more