To find out which processes are using swap space in Linux, you can use the “top” or “pmap” command. “top” command: The “top” command provides an interactive display of system information, including a list of processes and their associated resource usage. You can use the “top” command to see the amount of swap space being … Read more
In the Korn shell (ksh), you can redirect both standard output (stdout) and standard error (stderr) to a file using the following syntax: command > file.txt 2>&1 In this example, “command” is the command you want to run, and “file.txt” is the name of the file to which the output will be redirected. The “2>&1” … Read more
A shell script is a text file that contains shell commands, and can be executed on a Linux system. Here are the steps to run a shell script in Linux: Make the script executable: chmod +x script.sh Replace “script.sh” with the actual name of your shell script file. This step sets the execute permission on … Read more
The “which” command in Linux/Unix is used to determine the location of executable files in the system PATH. Here are some examples of using the “which” command: Find the location of a specific program: which program-name Replace “program-name” with the actual name of the program you want to find. Find the location of multiple programs: … Read more
You can display line numbers in Vim by adding the following line to your .vimrc file: set number The .vimrc file is a configuration file for Vim, and any settings specified in this file will be applied every time you start Vim. Once you have added the above line to your .vimrc file, you can … Read more
To quit the Vim editor without saving changes, you can use the following command while in normal mode: :q! The “!” forces the quit without saving any changes. If you have made changes to a file in Vim and you want to exit without saving those changes, simply type the above command and press “Enter”. … Read more
The “pwdx” command in Linux/Unix is used to display the current working directory of a process. Here are some examples of using the “pwdx” command: Display the current working directory of a specific process: pwdx process-id Replace “process-id” with the actual process ID that you want to check. Display the current working directories of multiple … Read more
To determine the version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) you are running, you can use the following command: cat /etc/redhat-release This will display the version number of RHEL that is currently installed on your system. If you need more detailed information about your system, you can use the following command: lsb_release -a This will … Read more
To restart a named service on Ubuntu or Debian, you can use the following command: sudo systemctl restart service-name.service Replace “service-name” with the actual name of the service you want to restart. For example, to restart the Apache web server, you would run: sudo systemctl restart apache2.service You need to have root privileges (using “sudo”) … Read more
The “users” command in Linux/Unix is used to list the names of the users who are currently logged into the system. Here are some examples of using the “users” command: List all logged in users: users Display names of users in a specific format: users | tr ‘ ‘ ‘\n’ This will display each username … Read more