To show the shares (or exported directories) on an NFS server in Linux or Unix, you can use the showmount command. The showmount command is used to display the information about an NFS server’s exported directories. For example, to show the shares on an NFS server with the hostname nfsserver, you would run the following … Read more
To install IPTraf on a CentOS, RHEL, or Fedora Linux system, you can use the following steps: First, make sure that the EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux) repository is enabled on your system. You can enable the EPEL repository by running the following command: sudo yum install epel-release Once the EPEL repository is enabled, … Read more
To set read-only permissions on a directory in Linux or Unix, you can use the chmod command. The chmod command is used to change the permissions of a file or directory. For example, to set read-only permissions on the /var/www/html directory (which is often used as the document root for web servers), you would use … Read more
The location of the xorg.conf file depends on the operating system and distribution you are using. Here are some common locations for the xorg.conf file: On modern systems running Xorg, the xorg.conf file may not be present by default, and the X server will instead use automatic configuration. On older systems running Xorg, the xorg.conf … Read more
In the bash shell, you can set the value of a shell variable using the following syntax: variable_name=value For example: message=”Hello World” This sets the value of the message variable to “Hello World”. You can also set a variable to the result of a command: current_date=$(date) This sets the value of the current_date variable to … Read more
You can assign the output of a shell command to a variable in bash by using command substitution. Command substitution is achieved using either the backtick (`) or the dollar sign and parentheses ($( )). Here’s an example using the backtick syntax: output=$(ls) This will assign the output of the ls command to the variable … Read more
To find out the DNS server IP address used by your router, you can use the following steps: Connect to your router: You can do this by opening a web browser and navigating to the IP address of your router. This is usually http://192.168.0.1 or http://192.168.1.1, but it may vary depending on your router. Check … Read more
To start, stop, or restart the BIND DNS server on a Linux system, you can use the following commands, executed as the root user or a user with sudo privileges: Start the BIND DNS server: systemctl start named Stop the BIND DNS server: systemctl stop named Restart the BIND DNS server: systemctl restart named Note … Read more
To extract the third field separated by forward slash (/) delimiter in Unix/Linux shell, you can use the following command: echo “field1/field2/field3/field4” | awk -F’/’ ‘{print $3}’ This uses the awk command to split the input string on forward slashes (/) and then prints the third field ($3). The -F option is used to specify … Read more
You can block specific user agents in Nginx by using the if directive in the server block. Here’s an example: server { … if ($http_user_agent ~* (bad-agent1|bad-agent2)) { return 403; } … } This example blocks requests from user agents that contain the string “bad-agent1” or “bad-agent2”. The return statement returns a HTTP status code … Read more